Carbon nanotubes applications of carbon nanotubes buckytubes. Carbon nanotubes are crystalline, lattice graphene sheets rolled into tubeshaped structures, closed on each end and measuring 1 to 3 nm in diameter about 110,000th the width of a human hair. These nanotubes were grown on silicon substrates using an improved chemical vapor deposition cvd method and represent electrically uniform arrays of singlewalled carbon nanotubes. Specific surface area of carbon nanotubes and bundles of. Carbon nanotubes cnts are cylinders of one or more layers of graphene lattice. Biomedical applications of functionalised carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes cnts are emerging as novel nanomaterials for various biomedical applications. Cnts can be functionalized to attain desired properties that can be used in a wide variety of applications.
Several recent researches are now being developed using carbon nanotubes cnts, for example, using cnts as electrical electrodes for the brain researches 9, 10 where the scientists have bundle millions of cnts into micronsized threads. For those of you who would like to read more about carbon nanotubes i can recommend two books. Carbon nanotubes cnt belong to a large group of hollow fiberlike carbon based nanomaterials with diameters mostly below 100 nm and very high aspect ratios. Pyridinefunctionalized singlewalled carbon nanotubes as. These properties make carbon nanotubes wellsuited for a wide range of applications. Engineered nanomaterials, particularly carbon nanotubes cnts, hold great promise for a variety of industrial, consumer, and biomedical applications, due to their outstanding and novel properties.
Carbon nanotube, singlewalled, carboxylic acid functionalized 90% carbon basis, d. Carbon nanotubes cnts belong to the family of synthetic carbon allotropes and are characterized by a network of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Spherical c 60 figure 1, a is composed of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a series of interlocking hexagons and pentagons. The theoretical external specific surface area of single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes and of carbon nanotube bundles is calculated as a function of their. Chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes maxplanckinstitut. White absorption spectroscopy as a powerful technique for the. Introduction fullerenes are molecules composed entirely of carbon in the form of a hollow sphere, ellipsoid, or tube. Present and future commercial applications michael f. They can be thought of as a sheet of graphite a hexagonal lattice of carbon rolled into a cylinder. Carbon nanotubes also are stable at high temperatures and have very high thermal conductivities.
Some of these applications now are beginning to reach commercial maturity, with carbon nanotubes being used as probe tips for atomic force microscopes and as field. Carbon nanotubes cnt specialty application of carbon nano. Cnt are of high technological interest because they can be produced or refined to possess specific properties such as high. Introduction carbon nanotubes cnts are cylindershaped macromolecules with a radius as small as a few nanometers, which can be grown up to 20 cm in length. For the tube we assigned as 11, 2 or 12, 2, the ldos is finite and constant between. Carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, dispersions, functionalisation, nanomedicines. This book presents the key computational modeling and numerical simulation tools to investigate carbon nanotube characteristics. Jun 19, 2012 introduction to carbon nanotubes and their applications 1. Kohlenstoffstrukturen ec540 fulleren f c70 fulleren g amorpher kohlenstoff h single walled carbon nanotube. Carbon nanotubes are produced using various thermal processes to strip carbon atoms from carbon bearing materials and use them to form a hexagonal network of carbon atoms that is rolled up.
Monograph on carbon nanotubes cnt to engi neeredmanufactured cnt, on the basis of three. Photoluminescence from single walled carbon nanotubes. Diameters of the carbon nanotubes have ranging from. A graphene sheet can be rolled more than one way, producing different types of carbon nanotubes.
Work functions of functionalized singlewalled carbon. Weber, hu li, klaus leifer, yichen zhao, muhammet s. Graphite is made up of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, like chicken wire see. As a group, carbon nanotubes typically have diameters ranging from nanotubes cnt are promising a high potential in applications because of their high aspect ratio, high specific surface area and electrical conductivity. The carbon nanotube cnt represents one of the most unique inventions in the field of nanotechnology. Swnts are formed by rolling a sheet of graphene into a cylinder along an m, n lattice vector in the graphene figure 3. They are about 10,000 times thinner than a human hair. As a group, carbon nanotubes typically have diameters ranging from nanotubes much longer, and measured in centimeters. May 30, 20 structure of carbon nanotubes carbon nanotube cnt. Carbon nanotubes may be classified as singlewalled carbon nanotubes swnts, doublewalled carbon nanotubes dwnts, or multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwnts. Carbon nanotubes cnts are cylindershaped macro molecules with a radius as small as a few nanometers, which can be grown up to 20 cm in length.
Cnts can be used to deliver a variety of therapeutic agents, including biomolecules, to the target. Applications of carbon nanotubes linkedin slideshare. Morphological and structural types of carbon nanotubes. Growth of carbon nanotubes on quasicrystalline alloys arxiv. Carbon nanotube chemistry involves chemical reactions, which are used to modify the properties of carbon nanotubes cnts. A variety of outstanding experimental results on the elucidation of the elastic properties of carbon nanotubes are fast appearing. Introduction to carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes were discovered in 1991 by sumio iijima of nec and are effectively long, thin cylinders of graphite, which you will be familiar with as the material in a pencil or as the basis of some lubricants. Carbon nanotubes have unique properties because of their structure and size which will be discussed in this section.
Aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwnts on the conducting faces of decagonal quasicrystals were synthesized using floating catalyst chemical vapor. Then we discuss nanotube related nanoobjects, including those formed by reactions and associations of allcarbon nanotubes with foreign. Potential applications of carbon nanotubes wikipedia. Carbon nanotubes cnt are promising a high potential in applications because of their high aspect ratio, high specific surface area and electrical conductivity. Cnts can be visualized as a sheet of carbon atoms rolled up into a. The nanotubes consisted of up to several tens of graphitic shells socalled multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwnts with adjacent shell separation of 0. The two main methods of cnt functionalization are covalent and noncovalent modifications. Cnts can be visualized as a sheet of carbon atoms rolled up into a tube with a diameter of around tens of nanometers. Introduction to carbon nanotubes and their applications. Carbon nanotubes attract high attention as perspective material due to their high mechanical strength, youngs modulus, thermal and electrical conductivity, and chemical stability. Carbon nanotubes are very thin, hollow cylinders made of carbon atoms. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes springerlink.
The one dimensional 1d carbon nanotubes can thus be queued between their zero dimensional relatives fullerenes and the two dimensional 2d relative graphene. Noncovalent functionalization of singlewalled carbon nanotubes. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, nm400, nm401, nm402, nm403. Diameters of singlewalled carbon nanotubes swnts and multiwalled carbon nanotubes mwnts are typically 0. These are large macromolecules that are unique for their size, shape, and remarkable physical properties. Multiwalled nanotubes mwnt consist of a number of concentric carbon tubes and vary correspondingly in diameter. He then looked at the deposit formed on the graphite cathode, and it was here that he discovered the nanotube structures. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes and its application in. Carbon nanotubes, but not spherical nanoparticles, block autophagy by a shaperelated targeting of lysosomes in murine macrophages.
Physical properties of carbon nanotubes by saito, dresselhaus and dresselhaus imperial college press, 1998. Functionalized carbon nanotubes properties are unique due to the well known strength and conductivity properties of carbon nanotubes combined with a variety of functional groups attached to the surface of the carbon nanotubes which promotes their use in many applications. Carbon nanotubes cnt specialty rubbers reinforcement composites conventional fillers such as carbon black and silica are widely used for reinforcement of elastomers. Polymer nanocomposites based on functionalized carbon nanotubes. International journal of engineering research and general. Cnts have been studied closely over the last two decades by many researchers around the world. One of the most interesting ways of application of multiwall carbon nanotubes mwnt is their usage for synthesis of mwntreinforced composite materials. John hart4,5 worldwide commercialinterest in carbon nanotubes cnts is reflectedin aproduction capacity that presently exceeds several thousand tons per year. Cnt, which have been constructed with lengthtodiameterratio of up to 2,000,000. Odom et alsinglewalled carbon nanotubes 205 dices determine whether a swnt will be a metal or a semiconductor. Functionalised carbon nanotubes fcnts one of the most powerful methods, particularly suitable for the preparation of soluble cnts, is the 1,3dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides. This handout presents different synthesis methods like arc discharge ad, laser ablation, chemical vapour deposition cvd as well as some of. May 22, 2009 singlewalled carbon nanotubes swnts have attracted much attention on account of their potential to be transformed into new materials that can be employed to address a wide range of applications. A brief summary of carbon nanotubes science and technology.
Plan of presentation introduction to cnts applications of cnts 3. Since carbon nanotubes are currently an area of active research the books on the subject tend to be aimed at a research audience. Swnt and dwnt comprise cylinders of one or two concentric, respectively, graphene sheets, whereas mwnt consists several concentric cylindrical shells of graphene sheets. Functionalization of carbon nanotubes and its application.
Investigation into their properties has become one of the most active fields of modern research. Imaging of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotubes carrying doxorubicin using in vivo imaging system nano letters, 20, 4, pp 9398 ii. Cnts can measure up to several 10,000 nm long and thus exhibit the unusually high aspect lengthtodiameter ratios as great as 10,000. Controlling the structure and properties of carbon nanotubes. Different technical applications of carbon nanotubes. Since carbon nanotubes cnts were discovered by iijima in 19911, they have become the subject of many studies because of their unique electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties 26. Structure and properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes. The electronic structure of a cnt is highly dependent on how the hexagonal carbon lattice is oriented between zigzag metallic and semiconducting and armchair metallic con.
937 525 1346 976 594 1072 812 1401 669 588 917 1367 1449 1303 192 509 439 517 764 1193 966 1161 797 878 1306 488 1460 190 1188 1043 796 182 416 123 894 164 238 1343 352 1093 1056 1278 1110